The expression in boldface introduces the idea of consequence in

" Instead , most use wood, coal or even dung to heat and cook their homes -" (lines 4-5)

". but , except for periodic jumpstarts during election season," (lines 16-17)

"Access to adequate, affordable and basic modern energy services is thus crucial to achieving sustainable human development." (lines 38-40)

" However , in the same region, mobile phones are widespread," (lines 47-48)

"All of this exists despite the absence of a convenient outlet in which to plug basic electronic appliances." (lines 50-52)